National Standards 5Cs
1999年.5Cs在21世紀外語學習,外語教學的標準
溝通,文化,連接,比較,社區
基於標準的世界語言教育反映在21世紀(1999),被稱為外國語言學習標準的主題“的五個標準-描述“是什麼”(內容)的世界語言學習標準。
溝通
溝通強調在“現實生活”的情況下使用的語言溝通。”要求學生在口頭和書面的形式溝通,解釋口頭和書面的信息的文化的理解.
文化
文化的理解,是一種世界語言教育的重要組成部分。體驗其他文化發展的語言和其他文化之間的關係理解和欣賞,以及學生的本土文化。
連接
世界語言教學必須與其他學科領域。從其他學科領域的內容是通過圍繞共同的主題是發展的經驗教訓與世界語言教學的整合。
比較
鼓勵學生進行比較和對比的語言和文化。他們做出預測,分析跨越語言和文化的差異和相似之處。通過這樣的比較,學生了解他們的母語和文化。
社區
擴展學習經驗,來自世界各地的語言,家庭和多語言和多文化的社會,強調在一個全球性的社會生活。活動可能包括:實地考察,使用電子郵件和電網,交換學生和文化活動,從學校到工作機會,在學校和課堂有機會聽到和講其他語言。
Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century, 1999
National Standards in Foreign Language Education
The 5 C's
Communication, Culture, Connections, Comparisons, Communities
Standards-based world languages education reflects the themes in the Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (1999), known as "The Five Cs." These standards describe the "what" (content) of world languages learning and form the core of standards-based instruction in the world languages classroom.
Communication
The communication standard stresses the use of language for communication in "real life" situations. It emphasizes "what students can do with language" rather than "what they know about language." Students are asked to communicate in oral and written form, interpret oral and written messages, show cultural understanding when they communicate, and present oral and written information to various audiences for a variety of purposes.
Cultures
Cultural understanding is an important part of world languages education. Experiencing other cultures develops a better understanding and appreciation of the relationship between languages and other cultures, as well as the student's native culture. Students become better able to understand other people's points of view, ways of life, and contributions to the world.
Connections
World languages instruction must be connected with other subject areas. Content from other subject areas is integrated with world language instruction through lessons that are developed around common themes.
Comparisons
Students are encouraged to compare and contrast languages and cultures. They discover patterns, make predictions, and analyze similarities and differences across languages and cultures. Students often come to understand their native language and culture better through such comparisons.
Communities
Extending learning experiences from the world language classroom to the home and multilingual and multicultural community emphasizes living in a global society. Activities may include: field trips, use of e-mail and the World Wide Web, clubs, exchange programs and cultural activities, school-to-work opportunities, and opportunities to hear speakers of other languages in the school and classroom.
---------
中国历史朝代公元对照简表:
夏 约前2070—前1600
商 前1600—前1046
周 :西周 前1046—前771 , 东周前770—前256
春秋时代 前770—前476
战国时代 前475—前221
秦 前221—前206
汉 :西汉 前206—公元23 , 东汉 25—220
三国 :魏 220-265 , 蜀 221-263, 吴 222-280
晋:西晋 265-316 , 东晋 317-420 建康
南北朝 :南朝- 宋 420-479 , 齐 479-502 , 梁 502-557 陈 557-589
北朝- 北魏 386-534 东魏 534-550 , 北齐 550-577 ,西魏 535-556 ,北周 557-581
隋 581-618
唐 618-907
五代十国 :后梁 907-923 , 后唐 923-936 ,后晋 936-946 ,后汉 947-950 ,后周 951-960
十国902-979
宋 :北宋 960-1127 , 南宋 1127-1279 ,
辽 916-1125, 西夏 1038-1227 , 金 1115-1234
元 1271-1368
明 1368-1644
清 1644-1911
中华民国 1912-1949
中华人民共和国1949年10月1日成立,首都北京。
溝通,文化,連接,比較,社區
基於標準的世界語言教育反映在21世紀(1999),被稱為外國語言學習標準的主題“的五個標準-描述“是什麼”(內容)的世界語言學習標準。
溝通
溝通強調在“現實生活”的情況下使用的語言溝通。”要求學生在口頭和書面的形式溝通,解釋口頭和書面的信息的文化的理解.
文化
文化的理解,是一種世界語言教育的重要組成部分。體驗其他文化發展的語言和其他文化之間的關係理解和欣賞,以及學生的本土文化。
連接
世界語言教學必須與其他學科領域。從其他學科領域的內容是通過圍繞共同的主題是發展的經驗教訓與世界語言教學的整合。
比較
鼓勵學生進行比較和對比的語言和文化。他們做出預測,分析跨越語言和文化的差異和相似之處。通過這樣的比較,學生了解他們的母語和文化。
社區
擴展學習經驗,來自世界各地的語言,家庭和多語言和多文化的社會,強調在一個全球性的社會生活。活動可能包括:實地考察,使用電子郵件和電網,交換學生和文化活動,從學校到工作機會,在學校和課堂有機會聽到和講其他語言。
Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century, 1999
National Standards in Foreign Language Education
The 5 C's
Communication, Culture, Connections, Comparisons, Communities
Standards-based world languages education reflects the themes in the Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (1999), known as "The Five Cs." These standards describe the "what" (content) of world languages learning and form the core of standards-based instruction in the world languages classroom.
Communication
The communication standard stresses the use of language for communication in "real life" situations. It emphasizes "what students can do with language" rather than "what they know about language." Students are asked to communicate in oral and written form, interpret oral and written messages, show cultural understanding when they communicate, and present oral and written information to various audiences for a variety of purposes.
Cultures
Cultural understanding is an important part of world languages education. Experiencing other cultures develops a better understanding and appreciation of the relationship between languages and other cultures, as well as the student's native culture. Students become better able to understand other people's points of view, ways of life, and contributions to the world.
Connections
World languages instruction must be connected with other subject areas. Content from other subject areas is integrated with world language instruction through lessons that are developed around common themes.
Comparisons
Students are encouraged to compare and contrast languages and cultures. They discover patterns, make predictions, and analyze similarities and differences across languages and cultures. Students often come to understand their native language and culture better through such comparisons.
Communities
Extending learning experiences from the world language classroom to the home and multilingual and multicultural community emphasizes living in a global society. Activities may include: field trips, use of e-mail and the World Wide Web, clubs, exchange programs and cultural activities, school-to-work opportunities, and opportunities to hear speakers of other languages in the school and classroom.
---------
中国历史朝代公元对照简表:
夏 约前2070—前1600
商 前1600—前1046
周 :西周 前1046—前771 , 东周前770—前256
春秋时代 前770—前476
战国时代 前475—前221
秦 前221—前206
汉 :西汉 前206—公元23 , 东汉 25—220
三国 :魏 220-265 , 蜀 221-263, 吴 222-280
晋:西晋 265-316 , 东晋 317-420 建康
南北朝 :南朝- 宋 420-479 , 齐 479-502 , 梁 502-557 陈 557-589
北朝- 北魏 386-534 东魏 534-550 , 北齐 550-577 ,西魏 535-556 ,北周 557-581
隋 581-618
唐 618-907
五代十国 :后梁 907-923 , 后唐 923-936 ,后晋 936-946 ,后汉 947-950 ,后周 951-960
十国902-979
宋 :北宋 960-1127 , 南宋 1127-1279 ,
辽 916-1125, 西夏 1038-1227 , 金 1115-1234
元 1271-1368
明 1368-1644
清 1644-1911
中华民国 1912-1949
中华人民共和国1949年10月1日成立,首都北京。